1. Introduction of Neodymium Magnets:
Neodymium Magnets, (also known as NdFeB, NIB or Neo magnets), the most widely used type of rare earth magnets, are permanent magnets made from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron to form the Nd2Fe14B tetragonal crystalline structure.
Neodymium Magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnets commercially available today.
When we mention the following synonyms typically we all mean Neodymium Magnets:
Neodymium Magnets
= Neodymium Iron Boron Magnets
= NdFeB Magnets
= NIB Magnets
= Neo (Rare Earth) Magnets
= Nd2Fe14B Magnets
= Strongest Magnets
= Strong Magnets
Neodymium Magnets have replaced AlNiCo Magnets and Ferrite Magnets in many of the myriad applications in modern technology where strong permanent magnets are required, because their greater strength allows the use of smaller, lighter magnets for a given application, such as motors in cordless tools, hard disk drives and magnetic fasteners.
2. Product List of our Neodymium Magnets: Neodymium Magnets
3. What does Item No. stand for?
Products Information from Item Number, ALB-D42SH for example
ALB |
- |
D |
4 |
2 |
SH |
Company |
|
Disc |
Diameter: 4/16” |
Thickness: 2/16” |
Grade: N42SH |
Item No. : ALB-D42SH
Product: Neodymium Disc Magnets
Grade: N42SH
Dimensions: 1/4" dia. x 1/8" thick
Magnetization Direction: Axial
Surface Plating: Ni-Cu-Ni
The symbol in item number:
Company |
- |
Shape |
Size |
Grade |
Other |
ALB |
- |
Disc: D Block: B Ring: R Sphere: R Arc: A |
1: 1/16” 2: 2/16” …… 9: 9/16” A: 10/16” B: 11/16” C: 12/16” D: 13/16” E: 14/16” F: 15/16” X0: 1” X1: 1 1/16” Y0: 2” Z0: 3” ZX0: 4” …… |
if not specified: Grade N42 SH: Grade N42SH N52: Grade N52 …… |
DIA: Magnetization Direction is Diametrical S: magnetized with the south pole on the countersunk side. N: magnetized with the north pole on the countersunk side. P: Pair, one will have the north pole on the countersink side and one will have the south pole on the countersink side CS: countersunk DCS: countersunk on both sides PUR: Plastic-Rubber Coated MM: Mounting Magnets …… |
4. How is Neodymium Magnet Produced?
Production Process of Neodymium Magnets:
1. Vacuum Melting
Compositions of neodymium, iron , iron-boron, dysprosium and minor additions including cobalt , copper , gallium, aluminum and others are mixed and induce-melted to form Nd2Fe14B phase and other necessary structures required for high performance permanent magnets. The melting temperature reaches over 1300o C. Usually repeated melting is needed to produce an even phase and structure distribution .
2. Crushing
The ingots from the vacuum melting process are crushed into coarse powder directly , or strip cast followed by HDDR processing into coarse powder .
3. Jet Milling
The coarse powder further milled into required particles sized about 3 microns in diameter by a jet miller . Those particles become single-domain and anisotropic whichare critical for producing a high coercivity magnet. Jet milling is the most effective way to mill the particles so far.
4. Pressing
Compact the fine powder to produce block magnets. Usually a magnetic field is applied during pressing to align those anisotropic particles in order to produce maximum magnetic output in a particular direction. There are two pressing methods, transverse and axial , depending on different applications. Isostatic pressing is normally used to further densify magnets to 75-80% .
5. Vacuum Sintering
The compacted magnets are sintered at temperatures above 1000 o C and for many hours to be solidified and compacted further more up to 99% by shrinking it's body. A required microstructure between particles for high performance permanent magnets is also formed in this stage. Some following heat-treatments are needed to stabilize the magnets .
6. Machining
Shrinkage and distortion during sintering is too difficult to control adequately and magnets normally need at least a “ clean up” grind on the surface. Small parts are cut or sliced precisely to form a big block to meet the demanding tolerances and different shapes .
7. Surface Treatment
Various surface treatments can be applied on the final products . They include zinc, nickel ,Ni-Cu-Ni multi-layer, e-coating , epoxy and others. They provide different surface finishing, appearance and corrosion resistance, applicable to different application environments.
8. Inspection
This is the final step. Magnets are inspected based on customer specifications and needs, including dimensional and magnetic tests.
5. Shapes of Neodymium Magnets:
Neodymium Magnets are available in Disc, Cylinder, Block & Bar, Cube, Ring & Tube, Sphere & Ball, Arc & Wedge in a wide range of shapes and sizes. ALB Materials Inc also custom-made shapes according to customer's requirements/drawings.
6. Grade of Neodymium Magnets:
Neodymium Magnets Grade
NdFeB Magnet Grade | |||||||
Type |
Grade |
Residual Induction /BR(Gauss) |
Coercive Force/Hc (Oe) |
Intrinsic Coercive Force/Hci (Koe) |
Max.Energy Product/Bhmax (MGOe) |
Maximum Operating Temp (°C/°F) |
Curie Temp (°C/°F) |
N |
N35 |
11700 |
10900 |
12 |
35 |
80/176 |
310/590 |
N |
N38 |
12200 |
11300 |
12 |
38 |
80/176 |
310/590 |
N |
N40 |
12500 |
11400 |
12 |
40 |
80/176 |
310/590 |
N |
N42 |
12800 |
11500 |
12 |
42 |
80/176 |
310/590 |
N |
N45 |
13200 |
11600 |
12 |
45 |
80/176 |
310/590 |
N |
N48 |
13800 |
11600 |
12 |
48 |
80/176 |
310/590 |
N |
N50 |
14000 |
10000 |
11 |
50 |
60/140 |
310/590 |
N |
N52 |
14300 |
10000 |
11 |
52 |
60/140 |
310/590 |
M |
N33M |
11300 |
10500 |
14 |
33 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
M |
N35M |
11700 |
10900 |
14 |
35 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
M |
N38M |
12200 |
11300 |
14 |
38 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
M |
N40M |
12500 |
11600 |
14 |
40 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
M |
N42M |
12800 |
12000 |
14 |
42 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
M |
N45M |
13200 |
12500 |
14 |
45 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
M |
N48M |
13600 |
12900 |
14 |
48 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
M |
N50M |
14000 |
13000 |
14 |
50 |
100/212 |
340/644 |
H |
N35H |
11700 |
10900 |
17 |
35 |
120/248 |
340/644 |
H |
N38H |
12200 |
11300 |
17 |
38 |
120/248 |
340/644 |
H |
N40H |
12500 |
11600 |
17 |
40 |
120/248 |
340/644 |
H |
N42H |
12800 |
12000 |
17 |
42 |
120/248 |
340/644 |
H |
N45H |
13200 |
12100 |
17 |
45 |
120/248 |
340/644 |
H |
N48H |
13700 |
12500 |
17 |
48 |
120/248 |
340/644 |
SH |
N35SH |
11700 |
11000 |
20 |
35 |
150/302 |
340/644 |
SH |
N38SH |
12200 |
11400 |
20 |
38 |
150/302 |
340/644 |
SH |
N40SH |
12500 |
11800 |
20 |
40 |
150/302 |
340/644 |
SH |
N42SH |
12800 |
12400 |
20 |
42 |
150/302 |
340/644 |
SH |
N45SH |
13200 |
12600 |
20 |
45 |
150/302 |
340/644 |
UH |
N28UH |
10200 |
9600 |
25 |
28 |
180/356 |
350/662 |
UH |
N30UH |
10800 |
10200 |
25 |
30 |
180/356 |
350/662 |
UH |
N33UH |
11300 |
10700 |
25 |
33 |
180/356 |
350/662 |
UH |
N35UH |
11800 |
10800 |
25 |
35 |
180/356 |
350/662 |
UH |
N38UH |
12200 |
11000 |
25 |
38 |
180/356 |
350/662 |
UH |
N40UH |
12500 |
11300 |
25 |
40 |
180/356 |
350/662 |
UH |
N42UH |
12800 |
11300 |
25 |
42 |
180/356 |
350/662 |
EH |
N28EH |
10400 |
9800 |
30 |
28 |
200/392 |
350/662 |
EH |
N30EH |
10800 |
10200 |
30 |
30 |
200/392 |
350/662 |
EH |
N33EH |
11300 |
10500 |
30 |
33 |
200/392 |
350/662 |
EH |
N35EH |
11700 |
11000 |
30 |
35 |
200/392 |
350/662 |
EH |
N38EH |
12200 |
11300 |
30 |
38 |
200/392 |
350/662 |
EH |
N40EH |
12500 |
11300 |
30 |
40 |
200/392 |
350/662 |
AH |
N28AH |
10400 |
9900 |
33 |
28 |
230/446 |
350/662 |
AH |
N30AH |
10800 |
10300 |
33 |
30 |
230/446 |
350/662 |
AH |
N33AH |
11300 |
10600 |
33 |
33 |
230/446 |
350/662 |
AH |
N35AH |
11700 |
11000 |
33 |
35 |
230/446 |
350/662 |
AH |
N38AH |
12200 |
11300 |
33 |
38 |
230/446 |
350/662 |
7. Coating/Plating of Neodymium Magnets:
Neodymium Magnets Coating:
Name |
Coating Thickness(μm) |
Color |
PCT |
Humidity Test |
Salt Spray Test |
Collision Test |
White Zinc |
8-15 |
Blue and white |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
Color Zinc |
10-15 |
Multicolor |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
Nickel |
20-30 |
Silver |
1 |
1 |
3 |
1 |
Electroless Nickel |
20-30 |
Silver |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
NiCuNi |
15-30 |
Silver |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
NiSn |
20-30 |
Silver |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
Epoxy |
10-30 |
Black |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Phosphating |
1-3 |
Black |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
NiAu |
10-20 |
Gold |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
8. Applications of Neodymium Magnets
Neodymium magnets can be used in following application:
Benchtop NMR spectrometers
Drive motors for hybrid and electric vehicles.
Electric generators for wind turbines
Electric motors: Cordless tools
Electrical power steering
Erase heads for cheap cassette recorders
Head actuators for computer hard disks
Lifting and compressor motors
Locks for doors
Loudspeakers and headphones
Magnetic bearings and couplings
Mechanical e-cigarette firing switches
Servomotors
Spindle and stepper motors
Synchronous motors
Toys
Magnetic jewelry clasps
Children's magnetic building sets (and other neodymium magnet toys)
as part of the closing mechanism of modern sport parachute equipment.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners
etc.
9. Read the magnet safety warnings before you purchase or use magnets
MAGNET SAFETY WARNING
Disclaimer: ALB Materials Inc neither assumes nor accepts any liability for damages resulting from the handling or use of magnets. With your purchase, the buyer confirms that you have read and understood the following warnings, the buyer agrees that he/she is responsible for all damages and injuries caused by the magnets, which include personal injuries , property damages and magnet damages. The buyer must agree with the terms before purchase. Pull forces we provide are estimates only and we are not responsible for any inaccuracy of magnet pull force. Please test the pull force before any usage.
1. BIG MAGNET WARNING NOTICE:
Neodymium magnets we sell are very strong. Handling them with care is necessary to prevent personal injuries, property damages and magnet damages.
Magnets the size of a 2 inch cube or larger can cause serious damage to fingers if caught between 2 magnets such as breaking bones or losing finger tips.
2. SMALL MAGNET WARNING NOTICE:
Small magnets pose a choking hazard and should never be swallowed or inserted into any part of the body. For safety purposes we include this warning to deter children from using/handling small magnets as they can be dangerous. Small magnets are considered a choking hazard that can result in death and should be treated as such. When confirming your order you the customer become fully responsible for the safety of children, animals and anyone else to come into contact with these magnets.
For more information, see the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's News Release and Magnets Information Center webpages linked below.
1. 16 CFR Part 1240 - http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=1&SID=271341d1457a4e3afc811d9609e87ac0&ty=HTML&h=L&mc=true&r=PART&n=pt16.2.12402. News Release - http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Newsroom/News-Releases/2014/CPSC-Approves-Strong-Federal-Safety-Standard-for-High-Powered-Magnet-Sets-to-Protect-Children-and-Teenagers/
3. Magnets Information Center - http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Magnets
3. SAFETY HANDLING OF NEODYMIUM MAGNETS
Neodymium magnets are brittle; they can be broken or can splinter in a collision. One should wear gloves and protective glasses when handling these magnets, because splinters and/or spacers could disengage and fly from the magnets.
Normal Neodymium magnets will lose their magnetic properties if heated above 175°F (80° C). Higher temperature rare earth neodymium magnets are available in our company.
The strong magnetic fields of neodymium magnets can damage items such as television, computer monitors, credit cards, bank cards, computers, diskettes and other data carriers, video tapes, mechanical watches, hearing aids, loud speakers and VCRs. Pace-makers may be damaged or switch to "Test Mode" in the presence of a strong magnetic force, if a pace-maker or other electrical body implant is in use, keep a minimum of 3 feet distance.
Children should not be allowed to handle neodymium magnets as they can be dangerous. Small magnets pose a choking hazard and should never be swallowed or inserted into any part of the body.
Under no circumstances should you try to cut, saw or drill the Neodymium magnets! Not only would the magnet break, but the resulting dust from the magnet is very flammable. Neodymium magnets should never be burned, as burning them will create toxic fumes.
10. Permanent Magnets Handbook: permanent-magnets-handbook.pdf
Link to this article: https://www.albmaterials.com/knowledge/neodymium-magnets.html